What's New

Flexible body

Radioss Starter can directly import DMIG (KAAX and MAAX) data (.pch text file) to create the corresponding flexible body (/FXBODY).

Radioss Starter

• New Starter option /CHECK/RFILE/OFF to quickly check the model with the Radioss Starter. The restart file will be not written. This option is also available as a Starter executable command line option -check.
• New Starter executable command line option -outfile=[path] to write all files in a user-defined folder. The Starter writes the Starter output and Starter restart files in the defined output folder when -outfile option is used.

Radioss Engine

• New Engine option to cancel the restart file creation even at the end of the computation with the keyword /RFILE/OFF in the Engine file. This option is also available as an Engine executable command line option -norst.
• New Engine executable command line option -outfile=[path] to write all files in a user-defined folder. The Engine reads the created restart files in the defined output folder when -outfile option is used.

Materials and properties

• New material /MAT/LAW108 (SPR_GEN) for spring elements with the same behavior as spring property /PROP/TYPE8 (SPR_GENE).
• New material /MAT/LAW113 (SPR_BEAM) for spring element with the same behavior as spring property /PROP/TYPE13 (SPR_BEAM).
• The new spring property /PROP/TYPE23 (SPR_MAT) which must be used with the new material laws /MAT/LAW108 (SPR_GEN) and /MAT/LAW113 (SPR_BEAM).
• New parameters for the latent heat of martensite and Taylor-Quinney coefficient for element temperature computation due to the phase change in the material law /MAT/LAW63 (HANSEL).

Submodel (//SUBMODEL)

• The failure model /FAIL/ORTHSTRAIN is now compatible with submodel.
• Correction of Starter error when a /FRAME/NOD is defined inside a submodel.
• Correction of Starter error when damping is defined in the crushable spring property /PROP/TYPE44 (SPR_CRUS).
• Section force is now fully compatible with submodel.

Automatic Dynamic Relaxation (/ADYREL)

Improvement of the /ADYREL option for multi-run (Engine) simulations. The results may be different between a model computed with one run or several runs.

Unit system conversion

• Thermal parameter for material (/HEAT/MAT) is now compatible with /UNIT system.
• A /UNIT system can be added in the local coordinate system /SKEW/FIX and /FRAME/FIX.
• Two new scale factors c₀ and P_b0 for the unit conversion of the concrete/soil material law /MAT/LAW81.
• New reference stress value Tau for the Bergstrom-Boyce viscous model in the material law /MAT/LAW100 (MNF).
• A new scale factor for the Arruda-Boyce function in the material laws /MAT/LAW92 and /MAT/LAW100 (MNF).

Contact interfaces

• Contact thermal behavior can be activated in the contact interface /INTER/TYPE19 for the node to surface treatment.
• Improvement of the initial penetration check with the contact interface /INTER/TYPE25 for specific models with shell thickness bigger than the mesh size. Unexpected forces were previously calculated.

Imposed conditions / loadcase

Several load blast cards /LOAD/PBLAST can be used in one model.

Materials

• New parameters for concrete material law /MAT/LAW24 (CONC) with I_cap =2: Reference plastic strain for plastic hardening (Eps₀), Reduction factor for plastic hardening default (h_fac).
• No more useless message “WARNING LOAD INCREMENT TOO BIG IN ELEMENT” in the concrete material /MAT/LAW24 (CONC). This removal reduces the size of the Engine output file and reduces computation time.
• Improvement of the hourglass energy computation with foam material law /MAT/LAW70 (FOAM_TAB) for single precision to get similar results as the double precision.
• New initial pressure FP₀ option in foam material law /MAT/LAW77 and F_cut default value is changed from 1E+30 to 1E+20.
• New reference stress value Tau for the Bergstrom-Boyce viscous model /MAT/LAW95 (BERGSTROM_BOYCE). This option is necessary to used different unit systems.
• New error message is printed when 2D solid element /TRIA is used with material law other than /MAT/LAW151 (MULTIFLUID).
• New error message in case /EULER/MAT or /ALE/MAT is not defined on the material law /MAT/LAW151 (MULTIFLUID).

Monitored volumes

New option I_equi to take into account the volume change during the relaxation/loading phase defined by T_relax in the perfect gas monitored volume MONVOL/GAS.

General and Engine features

• By default, the restart files are written every 1000000 cycles instead of 5000 cycles in the card RFILE/n. This modification improves the computation time by reducing the amount of I/O in the hard drive.
• Improvement of the computation speed with the SPMD version for a large automotive crash model.
• Improvement of the computation time with the time step option /DT1/BRICK/CST/1. This time step definition gives better solid model stability with poor mesh element quality.

Rayleigh Damping (/DAMP)

• Starter correction issue when local coordinate system Skew_ID is defined in /DAMP card.
• Correction of a parallel arithmetic issue (/PARITH/ON) for Rayleigh damping applied in a local coordinate system.

Animation output (H3D and A files)

• Improvement of the internal energy output /ANIM/ELEM/EINT and /H3D/ELEM/EINT for shell elements.
• Correction of the degenerated brick elements display when using the native /H3D output.
• Several entities were not output in the .h3d file when it is requested by sensor (/H3D/LSENSOR) and when the card /H3D/DT is not set in the Engine file.
• Color function (/H3D/*/COLOR) is correctly output when more than 10 sub-materials was defined in the material law /MAT/LAW151 (MULTIFLUID).
• Correction of numerical issues with Eulerian grids when using /EULER instead of /ALE in the material card. The Mach value was not correctly computed (/H3D/ELEM/MACH, /ANIM/ELEM/MACH).
• The external force output in the native H3D (/H3D/NODA/FEXT) was not correctly assembled at the boundary of the SPMD domains.
• Display issue correction for the grid point tensors (/H3D/NODA/GPS) for models with several parts and different solid element types in SPMD/HMPP simulations. The value was wrong at the domain decomposition boundary with single precision version only.
• Display issue correction for the contact pressure (/H3D/NODA/PCONT) for a model with several parts and different solid element types for SPMD/HMPP simulation.
• The equivalent stress value (/H3D/SHELL/SIGEQ) was missing.

Unit conversion correction

• Starter output file correction after unit conversion of the detonation plan /DFS/DETPLAN/NODE. The coordinate was not updated.
• Improvement of the simple fluid pressure loading (/LOAD/PFLUID) when defined multiple times in the model using different unit systems.
• Unit conversion correction for the parameter a of the material law /MAT/LAW32 (HILL).
• Unit conversion correction for the parameter E_inf in the material law /MAT/LAW43 (HILL_TAB).
• Several corrections for the unit conversion for the material law /MAT/LAW68 (COSSER).
• Correction for the functions scale factor unit in /MAT/LAW77.
• Dimension was missing for minimum time step DT_min in the thick-shell property /PROP/TYPE20.
• Starter behavior improvement with the parameter delta_t in section force (/SECT) when different unit systems are used.

Imposed conditions / loadcase

• Correction of a memory issue when the model has a lot of functions (> 500000) and imposed motion (velocity or displacement).
• Starter was failing on a specific model with the imposed flux option (/IMPFLUX).
• Improvement of /LOAD/PBLAST when used with /PARITH/ON. The results were not correct in case of multiple loads with different surfaces.
• Improvement of the SPMD decomposition when multiple surfaces are defined in pressure loads /LOAD/PFLUID and /LOAD/PBLAST.

Initial condition

• Correction of the I_solid flag in the initial state for brick elements (/INIBRI/*) when both I_solid=17 and I_solid=18 are defined in the same model.
• Improvement of the initialization (force, deformation) of the spring element /PROP/TYPE23 (SPR_MAT) and /PROP/TYP25 (SPR_AXI) with the option /INISPRI. The initialization was done correctly but the value was released after the 1st cycle.
• Correction of wrong initialization of the volume fraction (/INIVOL) with a surface tangent to boundary faces.

Contact interfaces

• Correction of Starter memory allocation for /INTER/TYPE19 + /INTER/SUB on specific model. The Starter was failing.
• Improvement of the forming contact interface /INTER/TYPE21 for some specific model. Some nodes remained stuck on the master surface.
• Improvement of the contact energy output for the contact interface /INTER/TYP24. Some elastic contact energy was missing (output issue only).
• Correction of a numerical issue when sub interface (/INTER/SUB) is linked to the interface /INTER/TYPE24 with edge to edge treatment (I_edge=1). The Starter was failing.
• Correction of the I_gap value in the Starter output file for /INTER/TYPE25. It was always output as 1.0.
• Improvement of the contact interface energy output for the contact interface /INTER/TYPE24 and /INTER/TYPE25. The contact energy was too high.

Materials

• Improvement of the contour output for the unavailable phase for material defined in multi-material law /MAT/LAW51 (MULTIMAT) with I_form=12. For example, the vfrac(4) was not correctly output for a material with only 3 phases. The contour value is now zero as expected.
• Correction of volumetric fraction initialization in case explosive sub-material ID is not equal to 4 for multi-material /MAT/LAW51 (MULTIMAT) with I_form=12.
• Correction of an initialization issue when the non-reflecting frontier /MAT/LAW51 (MULTIMAT) with I_form=6 is defined before the multi-material /MAT/LAW51 (MULTIMAT) with I_form=12.
• Improvement of the output (energy, pressure) for a specific model (air tunnel) for the multi-material /MAT/LAW51 (MULTIMAT). The results were different with fluid material /MAT/LAW6 (HYDRO) and boundary material /MAT/LAW11 (BOUND).
• The parameter P_sh is now correctly taken into account and allowed to work in relative pressure. This correction is done for the equation of state of /MAT/LAW6, /EOS/MURNAGHAN, /EOS/NOBLE-ABEL, /EOS/STIFF-GAS, /EOS/IDEAL-GAS, /EOS/COMPACTION, and /EOS/LSZK.
• Material /MAT/LAW60 (PLAS_T3) is no longer failing when fct_ID_p is defined.
• Stress computation improvement which reduces oscillations when strain rates are used in connection material law /MAT/LAW83.
• Improvement of the unloading behavior for the foam material laws /MAT/LAW88 and /MAT/LAW90 defined with strain rate dependency.
• Improvement of the HEPH solid element (I_solid=24) behavior for foam material law /MAT/LAW90.

Monitored volumes

Solution improvement when a surface is defined with 3-node and 4-node shell elements. Specific models were diverging.

Element properties

• Correction of a numerical issue when a rigid body (/RBODY) is defined with a sensor and contains quadratic tetrahedron element and the option I_tetra10=2 in the solid property /PROP/TYPE14 (SOLID).
• Improvement of the quadratic tetrahedron element /TETRA10 with I_tetra10=2 in the solid property /PROP/TYPE14 to reduce the difference between double and single precision, /PARITH/ON and /PARITH/OFF.
• Improvement of the model stability with tied contact /INTER/TYPE2 and quadratic tetrahedron element /TETRA10 with I_tetra10=2 in the solid property /PROP/TYPE14. The model was failing during the second restart file or with check point restart (/CHKPT).
• Improvement in the Starter of the time step estimation in the Starter for quadratic tetrahedron element /TETRA10 with the flag I_tetra10=2 in the solid property /PROP/TYPE14. The estimated nodal time step was around 10% too high.
• Correction of memory allocation issue for a model when linear tetrahedron element TETRA4 and hexahedron element /BRICK share the same solid property /PROP/TYPE14 with the option I_tetra4=1.
• The linear tetrahedron (/TETRA4) nodal stiffness was canceled when the flag I_solid=14 was used in the solid property /PROP/TYPE14.

General

Starter correction for a model with Madymo coupling that caused the computation to fail.

Radioss Entities:

/MERGE/RBODY

New option to merge rigid bodies together. This option can also add a slave node or node set to an existing rigid body. Simple options are available to manage the rigid body master node and the mass update. Only the master rigid body is kept in the model for the computation.

/FUNCT_SMOOTH

New Smooth amplitude curves. The curve is described using points that are connected using a cubical function with zero tangent at the points. Scaling and offset options are included in the function. This option can be used for loads and imposed motion.

/SENSOR/ENERGY

New sensor where the activation is controlled by the internal or kinetic energy of a user-defined part or subset.

Computation control:

/ALE/SOLVER

Default ALE formulations switches to surface integration for internal forces (for the legacy ALE solver). It is better than CAA since CAA uses shape function (and its limitation) for deviatoric stress. The new keyword allows to recover older formulations.

Material, failure model, equation of states:

/EOS/NASG

New Equation of State (EOS) from O. Lemetayer and R. Saurel based on the Noble-Abel and Stiffened Gas formulations.

/MAT/PLAS_PREDEF

New material with predefined value for the yield stress, ultimate stress, and corresponding strain. Only the material name needs to be entered.

/MAT/LAW103

New material law based on Hansel-Spittel formulation. This material is dedicated to forming analysis.

/MAT/LAW106

New Johnson-Cook material law with Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio can be defined as a function of temperature. This material is designed for Additive Manufacturing applications.

/FAIL/ALTER

New advanced nonlinear stress-based failure criteria for glass applications such as a windshield.

/FAIL/COCKCROFT

New failure model based on Cockcroft-Latham formulation.

/FAIL/VISUAL

New failure model to track maximum stress or strain in an element. The output is damage as a function of the minimum and maximum input values. The output is for visualization only. There is no damage to the stress tensor or element deletion.

Animation output:

/H3D/NODA/SSP

New visualization to display the speed of sound on the outer and inner surface of finite volume airbag (/MONVOL/FMVBAG1).

/H3D/ELEM/COLOR

New color function output for Multi Material ALE laws. The phase or sub-material is displayed with a color corresponding to the phase sub-material number.

/H3D/ELEM/VECT

New H3D output to display the contact force in the finite volume cell. This is used with contact interface /INTER/TYPE18 and ALE material /MAT/LAW151.

Time history output:

/TH/QUAD

Strain output for 2D solid elements (/QUAD) in the time history file for both isotropic and orthotropy element properties.

General controls:

/ADYREL

• New option to define a starting time (T_start) and final time (T_stop) for automatic dynamic relaxation.
• Improvement for some gravity loading cases.
• Convergence improvement for a specific model with concentrated loads (/CLOAD).

/DT/ALE

The value of DT_MIN is now taken into account to stop the computation when the time step is smaller than DT_MIN. This is only for /ALE/EULER cells.

/ALE/MUSCL

New flag IFLAG=1 to reconstruct only volume fraction fields when used with /MAT/LAW151.

/UPWIND

New warning message is displayed in case eta3 is used. This method shows some limits and may lead to numerical instability and energy conservation issue. It is recommended to use the /ALE/MUSCL formulation.

Contact interfaces:

/INTER/TYPE7

Improvement of the domain decomposition for TYPE7 interfaces during self-impact.

/INTER/TYPE11

New option Irem_gap=2 to automatically manage self-impact in the edge to edge treatment.

/INTER/TYPE18

The ALE side can now be defined using a group of bricks (/GRBRIC) to allow compatibility with all ALE multi-fluid materials (/MAT/LAW151). The old format using node sets is still supported by the Radioss Starter.

/INTER/TYPE19

New parameters are added:

Irem_gap=2

To avoid incorrect self-impact in models with small elements relative to the contact gap thickness for edge to edge and node to surface contact.

%mesh_size

To modify the contact gap scale factor.

Irem_i2

To remove contact slaves nodes that are also slaves in a tied interface.

/INTER/TYPE21

New variable P_skid to compute the skid line prediction value printed with the output /H3D/NODA/SKID_LINE.

/INTER/TYPE25

Computation of initial penetrations vs external surface of solid parts (INACTI=5 and -1). Previously, initial penetrations were computed only for shell elements.

/FRICTION

New orthotropic friction model in the contact interfaces TYPE7, 19, 24 and 25.

/FRIC_ORIENT

New option to define the orthotropic friction direction in a part with an isotropic material. The orthotropic friction direction automatically is the same as the one defined in the orthotropic material.

/INTER/SUB

Support for contact interface /INTER/TYPE25 was added. Surface to surface and node to surface contact are supported.

Load entities and constraints:

/INIGRAV

• The hydrostatic pressure initialization due to gravity for fluid materials is now compatible with 2D analysis.
• Any non-planar surface can be defined in the initial gravity for ALE option. This option is no longer limited to planar surfaces.

/LOAD/PBLAST

Several load blast cards can be added in the model. This development is limited to /PARITH/OFF option.

/RBODY and /RBE2

Master node of the rigid entity is automatically removed from the slave nodes list, if needed.

/RBODY

Ispher=2, Automatic correction of unphysical inertia in a rigid body. This correction ensures numerical stability. The previous method is available as Ispher=3.

/RBE3

Improvement of the Starter computation time for models with a lot of /RBE3 (> 100000).

Unit compatibility:

• Local unit systems can now be set on the following /ALE/EULER entities:
  • /MAT/LAW5, /MAT/LAW11, /MAT/LAW37, /MAT/LAW41, /MAT/LAW46, /MAT/LAW51, /MAT/LAW97
  • /EBCS
  • /DFS/LASER, /DFS/WAV_SHA
  • /DFS/DETPOINT, /DFS/DETPLAN, /DFS/DETLINE, /DFS/DETCORD

/PROP/TYPE6

New flags I_tetra4 and I_tetra10 in the orthotropic solid property.

/PROP/TYPE51 and /PROP/PCOMPP

Additional materials are compatible with these composite shell properties.

User libraries:

• Improvement of the user library generation when third party libraries are used
• Correction of memory allocation for the user dynamic library. Some data was not correctly transferred from/to the user subroutine.
• Correction of F matrix in the user material law. some values were wrong in case of large rotations.

Material, failure model, equation of states:

/EOS/NASG

An error message is now printed, if the E₀ calculated by Radioss from the user data is negative.

/MAT/LAW51

• The direct input of Drücker-Prager yield criteria from Mohr-Coulomb parameters material (/MAT/LAW102) can be used in the multi-material law /MAT/LAW51 (with Iform=12).
• An error message nows specifies the issue location when PSHIFT values are not identical for all sub-materials.

/MAT/LAW5

• 3 afterburning models (QOPT): constant burning rate from T_start to T_stop, linear burning rate from T_start to T_stop, Miller's extension and instantaneous (to retrieve 2017.0 results). This option was introduced in version 2018, but some updates have been done in order to support local units.
• New bulk parameter to allow a linear EOS modeling of unreacted explosive. Default value is computed automatically. Result may change compare to previous version (usually less than 1%). Previous results may be recovered with B_unreacted=1e-20.

/MAT/LAW6

Starter will no longer output P_SH and E₀ values when it is defined in the equation of state.

/MAT/LAW12 and /MAT/LAW14

New option for plastic work reference value (W^p_ref) as in /MAT/LAW25.

/MAT/LAW24

Improvement of the estimation of the plastic strain in the concrete material /MAT/LAW24 with I_cap=2. In the previous version, the plastic strain can have negative value.

/MAT/LAW58

Automatically switch to large strain formulation (I_smstr=4) for part with fabric material. The element and material will be more stable and more accurate.

/MAT/LAW88

Improved error message when there is an input error.

/FAIL/HASHIN

• New option in the failure model to propagate the failure information to the neighbor elements (flag I_frwave=2).
• New option Imod to select failure according number of cycles or relaxation time.

Animation, time history and state output:

/H3D/QUAD/VORTX

Now available for material /MAT/LAW151.

/H3D/SHELL/USER/UVAR=ALL/PLY=ALL/IPT=ALL

User variables can be output for each ply in the .h3d file.

/STATE/DT/ALL

All nodes of the model, including free nodes, rigid body master node, SPH are now written in the state file. In the previous version, only the node attached to part was written.

/TH/QUAD

Strain are available for 2D solid element (/QUAD) in time history file, both for isotropic and orthotropy element properties.

/TH/BRICK and /TH/QUAD

(QVIS) time history for artificial viscosity (pseudo viscosity.

/TH/PART

Part center of gravity is now available for shell elment formulations QEPH, QBAT.

Starter and Engine output file:

• Elapsed time for the Starter is printed in the Starter output file.
• The cumulative time of the Starter and each Engine is written at the end of each Engine output file.
• New error message when the material ID defined in the detonation card (/DFS/DET* and /DFS/WAV_SHA) is not an expected one.
• The warning message #503 NODE GROUP BUILT FROM 10-NODE TETRAHEDRA is removed from the Starter output file. This message is now useless.
• New timer for the ALE, EULER computation time (/MON/ON).
• Correction and improvement to the Starter message #162.
• Failure strain values for /FAIL/TENSTRAIN are now written in the Engine output file.

Speed and scalability:

• /CONVEC and /RADIATION: Parallelization of convection and radiation option (SMP).
• /INIVOL:
  • Improvement of the algorithm to reduce the CPU time needed to initialize the initial volume set up (Starter).
  • Improvement of the initial volume filling in order to reduce the memory used in the Starter. The issue could be seen only for big model (> 6M elements).
  • Improvement of initialization of hydrostatic pressure (/INIGRAV) initialization in case of mixing between sub materials.
• /ALE: Improve domain decomposition for ALE.
• Algorithm improvement to reduce the memory used with the option /FRICTION in the Starter and the Engine.
• Improvement of decomposition method in case the number of SPMD domains is bigger than number of deformable Lagrangian elements for model with ALE domain.
• Correction of performance issue (from version 2019) for the composite material /MAT/LAW25 with failure and included in contact interface /INTER/TYPE7.
• Improvement of the computation speed in case function is defined with large number of points in material law /MAT/LAW70.
• Multi domain option is available for OpenMPI version.

Submodel (//SUBMODEL)

• Radioss Starter no longer fails when the cards /FAIL and /VISC are defined inside a submodel (//SUBMODEL) where encrypted (/ENCRYPT or /KEY).
• Imposed velocity /IMPVEL/FGEO is now compatible with submodel (//SUBMODEL). The Radioss Starter was failing in the previous versions.
• The input of a local coordinate system (/SKEW) now works for /PROP/TYPE34 (SPH) when defined in a sub-model.
• Contact interface /INTER/TYPE19 is now correct when used in a sub-model of a sub-model.
• The Starter no longer fails when offset values defined in the //SUBMODEL are defined with parameters.

Multi-material /MAT/LAW51:

• Improvement of the silent boundary (Iform=6) for the 2D analysis. The pressure was not correctly calculated.
• An issue was fixed with the explosive material. Results were different between Iform=11 and Iform=12.
• Correction of an issue in the inlet/outlet behavior (Iform=4 and Iform=5). Computation was failing with a specific model.
• The pressure shift defined in sub-material laws is now correctly taken into account.
• Time step stability improvement for a specific model to prevent a time step was reduction.

Multi fluid material /MAT/LAW151:

• Correction of a potential numerical issue for material law /MAT/LAW151 with JWL sub-material and inlet /EBCS/INLET.
• New error message, if EOS is missing in the multi-fluid law.
• The parameter P₀ from the linear equation of state (/EOS/LINEAR) is now taken into account inside the multi-fluid law.

Other material law corrections:

• /MAT/LAW71: Correction of shell stability with this material law to prevent model failure.
• /MAT/LAW97 (JWLB): Numerical correction for the detonation time value.
• /EOS/IDEALGAS: Unit translation correction for temperature and heat capacity.
• /MATLAW58: Improvement in the stability of 4 node shell elements. The model was failing with "NaN".
• /MAT/LAW88: Improvement of the unload behavior defined by a curve.
• /FAIL/HASHIN: Numerical issue fixed with the different developments to improve failure and the update of the old material laws.

Contact interfaces for the manufacturing process

• Draw bead normal force was applied in contact /INTER/TYPE8 (draw bead), even if the slave node is in distance more than depth + thickness.
• Behavior for the thermal conducting coefficient computation according to pressure in contact /INTER/TYPE21.
• Contact interface /INTER/TYPE21 behavior when using I_fric=1 and C1 coefficient.
• Numerical issue when /INTER/TYPE21 and /INTER/TYPE19 are defined in the same model

Tied contact

• Numerical issue when tied contact (/INTER/TYPE2) switched from kinematic to penalty formulation, if the node was a slave of several TIED contact interfaces with Spot_flag=27 or Spot_flag=28.

General contact interfaces

• The friction coefficient is now always positive in contact interfaces TYPE7, 21, 24 and 25.
• Computation was failing in the SPMD version when the contact interface TYPE7, 24 or 25 was activated with T_start during the second run (_0002.rad)
• Improvement of the initial penetration computation in the contact interface TYPE25 with INACTI=5. Some initial forces were existing close to the edges.
• Improvement of the contact interface TYPE24 in models with initial penetration and tied conditions. Some contact forces (/INTER/TYPE24) appeared between parts with tied conditions (/INTER/TYPE2).
• /INTER/TYPE24: Some shell slave nodes penetrated solid master segments.
• Improvement of edge2edge behavior (I_edge=1) in the contact /INTERTYPE24. Some nodes could remain anchored in a specific model.
• The Starter was failing when input in contact interface /INTER/TYPE19 that used the Darmstad friction model (I_fric=2).

Shell element

• The total thickness of the shell element was not correctly calculated in composites that used mixed material laws /MAT/LAW2, /MAT/LAW22, /MAT/LAW27 or /MAT/LAW32.

Solid element

• Stability improvement of the solid element (HEPH) and material law /MAT/LAW38 with /PROP/SOLID, I_hkt=2. I_hkt=2 is now the default value for this material law.
• Correction of a numerical issue involving HEPH solid elements and material /MAT/LAW42 where bulk scale function fct_ID_blk is used. The material behavior was not correct.
• Correction of a numerical issue when the middle node of a quadratic tetrahedron element (/TETRA10) with I_tetra10=2 is defined in several tied contacts as a slave in one contact and master in the other contact. The computation was failing on some specific models.
• Element stability improvement for the element switching automatically from large strain to small to prevent negative volume. This improvement concerns elements using foam or hyper-elastic materials.

Spring, truss and beam properties

• Correction of numerical instability when hardening flag H=6 is used in the model.
• Correction of the plastic strain on the truss elements. The plastic strain was under-estimated by a factor of 3.

Other entities improvements

• ALE: Correction of the ALE force transfer through the Lagrangian surface.
• /ENCRYPT: Time out feature option was not working for specific time out dates.
• /INISPRI/FULL: Improved initialization (force, deformation) of the spring element /PROP/TYP13. The initialization was done correctly, but the value was released after the 1st cycle.
• /*/LSENSOR: This option was not taken into account when restarting an Engine run.
• /RBODY: A rigid body defined in a 2D analysis was not moving, even if the master node was not constrained.
• /MONVOL/FVMBAG1: Numerical instability in the finite volume computation for a specific airbag meshed with pyramid and tetrahedron elements. The model was failing during the first cycle.
• /SENSOR/SECT: Sensor behavior for signals coming from section forces FX, FY, FZ and total force in the sensor.
• /XREF: Strain initialization for brick elements with small strain formulation (I_smstr=1) and material /MAT/LAW70.

Starter output file

• Correction for the Property and Material parameters review. The value defined in /DEF_SOLID was not output correctly.
• Correction of the property ID in the Starter error message #658.

Animation output

• Numerical correction were done to the existing options /H3D/NODA/P, /H3D/NODA/TEMP and /H3D/NODA/DENS.
• The output of the middle nodes of quadratic tetrahedron elements was added to the grid point stress and strain output (/H3D/NODA/GPS, /H3D/NODA/GPSTRAIN) in the H3D file format.

Single precision version

• Improvements to the single precision version for solid element stability, contact interface TYPE24, contact interface TYPE2, and hyper-elastic material laws.